Neurophysiology – Cell Types, Signals, and Sensory Pathways Practice Test

Pressure in the middle ear must match the external air pressure for normal hearing. When there’s a pressure difference across the tympanic membrane, the membrane is pushed inward or outward, distorting the vibration of the tympanic membrane and the attached ossicles. This makes sound conduction less efficient and can be painful. If the difference persists or is large, it can lead to barotrauma, potential rupture of the tympanic membrane, and conductive hearing loss. The Eustachian tube normally opens to equalize the pressure, such as during swallowing or yawning.